Vestibule: Mathematical

The Mathematical one (of Greek μάθημα, máthema: science, knowledge, learning, μαθηματικó, mathematikós: loving of the knowledge) it is the study of landlords in the structures of abstract beings and the reports among them. Some mathematicians talk about to her like the “It reigns of Sciences”. In Spanish also the term in plural can be used: Mathematics.

Although the mathematical one is supposed the “He reigns of Sciences”, she herself does not consider a natural science. Mainly, the mathematicians define and investigate abstract structures and concepts for purely internal ratios to the mathematical one, because such structures can provide, for example, an elegant generalization, or a useful tool for frequent calculations. In addition, many mathematicians simply study their areas of preference for esthetic ratios, seeing therefore mathematical as a form of the art instead of a practical or applied science. Nevertheless, the structures that the mathematicians investigate frequently yes have their origin in natural sciences, and often they find his applications in them, particularly in the Physics.

Squaring of the circle to the mathematical, indecisive problem of geometry, consisting of is denominated finding - with only rule and compass squaring that owns an area that is equal to the one of a given circle.

The resolution of this problem tried to bord repeated times, without success, from classic seniority to century XIX. Speaking in appeared sense, that is said of is the “quadrature of the circle” when it represents a problem very difficult or impossible to solve.

In 1882, the German mathematician Ferdinand Lindemann published a work that tried that π is a transcendental number, of which it could draw the conclusion - reached about nongeometric methods of which it is impossible to square the circle only with the rule nonmetrada and the compass. That is to say, the problem is indecisive.

• Under certain conditions, some divergent series can “be added”, obtaining finite values, like for example series 1 − 2 + 3 − 4 + · · ·.
• Leonhard Euler was the prolífico mathematician of history, with more than 800 titles in its credit.
• Sophie Germain was the first person who secured a partial result of the last theorem of Fermat for a general class of prime exponents, the calls numbers of Sophie Germain.
• The conjecture of Catalan postulates that the unique consecutive powers are the 8 and the 9.

• Criba de Erathostenes is I practice method to find prime numbers.

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