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Nebjeperura Tutanjamón, “alive image of Amónâ€, was a Pharaoh pertaining to dynasty XVIII of Egypt that reigned from 1336/5 to 1327/5 a. C.
Its original name, Tutanjatón, mean the “alive image of Atónâ€, whereas Tutanjamón means the “alive image of Amónâ€. Its name was written habitually like Amón-tut-anj, due to the custom you write of them to put the name of the God at the beginning of the phrase to honor to him. It is possible that Tutanjamón is the Nibhurrereya of charts of Amarna, and probably king Ratotis who according to Manetón reigned nine years (gathered in the translation done by Flavio Josefo).
Tutanjamón was not a Pharaoh remarkable nor met in old times; the relatively small size of its tomb (KV62) was the ratio that not outside reconnoitering until century XX. Howard Carter found it intact in 1922. Their discovery and the treasures found in her had world coverage in the press and renewed the public interest by Old Egypt, becoming the funeral mask of the Pharaoh the most popular image.
Although formally it is defined that Dynasty XVIII finalizes with the reign of Horemheb, can be affirmed with a high degree of certainty that the Tutankamón young person was the last Pharaoh of real blood of the dynasty. It ascended to the throne after the period of Amarna and gave back to the priests of Amón the influence and the power that they had had before the religious and political revolution of Ajenatón. During its short reign it was in the hands of Ay and Horemheb, that distributed the power: Ay administered Egypt and Horemheb handled the army.
Its reign almost surely characterized by a return to normality in the plane partner-monk after interludio carried out by his Ajenatón father. This return was gradual, recovering the cult in the left temples of Gods like Amón, Osiris, Ptah, etc., and allowing the celebration of the pertinent rites.
In the artistic plane, cánones inaugurated under the aegis of Amarna would continue flowing until being fused with the traditional landlords of the Egyptian art. In the official images, the image of the young king would be emphasized constantly next to its Great Real Wife conjugating the visual heredity of Amarna (the images of familiar privacy of the real pair visible in thrones, chairs, coffers, etc., found in the real tomb) with the official political message of continuity of the dynasty, clearly visible by the profusion of images of Anjesenamón.
Its main contribution to the history of mankind was the finding of its almost intact tomb. This made possible to bring to light an appreciable amount from treasures, utensils, furniture, arms, etc., giving a invaluable opportunity for the deepening of the knowledge on the Egyptian civilization.
Names
- When being born, c. 1345 a. C., assigned the name to him of Tut-anj-Atón, that later it changed to Tut-anj-Amón, when in the decline of the theological revolution of Amarna the cult to the God Atón giveave returning to the old Egyptian pantheon, fundamentally benefitting the God Amón.
- Under the ideology of the Atonismo: name of Birth, Tut-anj-Atón Heka-hiunu-shema “living image of Atón, governor of Heliópolis†or “the one that live in Atón, governor of Heliópolisâ€.
- The throne plated in gold, shortage by Howard Carter in tomb KV62, contains in its back the cartridge with the original name in the form of the period of the Atonismo.
- Under the ideology of Amón de Tebas: name of Birth, Tut-anj-Amón “the one that lives in Amón†or “living image on Amónâ€; name of Throne, Neb-Jeperu-Ra “the Gentleman of the manifestations is Raâ€.
- In epÃtomes of Manetón Ratotis is denominated, Short whiles and Atoris.
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The pyramids of Seneferu
During the reign of Seneferu the construction of the real tombs underwent major changes. One introduced the separation in temple, access and place of worship.
The pyramid of Meidum, probably was begun by Huny and finished by Seneferu. 146 ms with a height of 92 ms measured 146 ms x and stepped pyramid or mastaba of eight launching slips was designed initially like. Later the spaces between the launching slips with stone blocks were completed to give rise to him to form of pyramid, giving to the first monumental pyramid “classicâ€. The funeral camera, is not for the first time on the rock, under the pyramid, but in the own construction.
In Dahshur it ordered to erect two pyramids of about one hundred meters of height: the Leant, constructed Pyramid with eight lateral faces (four triangular and four trapezial ones), and one second, the Red Pyramid, with classic pyramid form.
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Nilómetro is the name given to stepped constructions or wells, different as far as its design but with a same function: to measure the level of waters of the Nile river.
It was taken like reference of the economic situation and to establish the taxes:
A level of waters of Nile inferior to six meters in Elephantine supposed that many terrains could not be cultivated and the consequent extreme hunger in all the country. An higher level to the eight meters caused the flood of the towns, destroyed the houses and made unusable the irrigation channels.
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