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Mars is the fourth planet of the Solar System. Form leaves from the telluric calls planets (of rocky nature, as the Earth) and is first of outer planets to the Earth orbit. He is, possibly, most similar to the Earth.
Tycho Brahe measured with high accuracy the Mars movement in the sky. The data on the retirement pretend (loops) allowed Kepler to find the elliptical nature of their orbit and to determine the laws of the planetary movement known like laws Kepler.
The planets superiors or exteriors, never happen between the Sun and the Earth neither never is seen them in flood nor in quarter; their phases are little tagged, fact that is easy to show geometrically. Considering the Sun-Ground-Mars circle, the phase angle is the one that forms the seen Sun and the Earth from Mars. File |